测试模板文件和重构

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新知识

  • Selenium检查页面元素
  • Selenium模拟提交
  • Django Test Client 检查使用模板文件名

编程犹如井中提水

  • 若井不深，桶不满，提上来会很轻松
  • 若井很深，桶也满，开始提也会很轻松，但是提的久了就累了
  • TDD就像是一个卡子，可以在半途休息下，而确保桶子不下落

关于简单测试

  1. 如果测试用例很简单，用犹豫的时间马上去做好
  2. 简单的测试用例其实是个placeholder，在变复杂之前就开始起步

利用FT测试To-Do lists完整访问流程

完整的访问流程为：

  1. 打开浏览器，输入地址打开页面（此时，title和Header应该包含To-Do lists文字）
  2. 输入一个To-Do item，并按回车进行提交
  3. 提交结果在页面能刷新出来

修改functional_test.py如下

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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
import unittest

class NewVisitorTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.browser.quit()

    def test_can_start_a_list_and_retrieve_it_later(self):
        # Edith has heard about a cool new online to-do app. She goes
        # to check out its homepage
        self.browser.get('http://localhost:8000')

        # She notices the page title and header mention to-do lists
        self.assertIn('To-Do', self.browser.title)
        header_text = self.browser.find_element_by_tag_name('h1').text  
        self.assertIn('To-Do', header_text)

        # She is invited to enter a to-do item straight away
        inputbox = self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_new_item')  
        self.assertEqual(
            inputbox.get_attribute('placeholder'),
            'Enter a to-do item'
        )

        # She types "Buy peacock feathers" into a text box (Edith's hobby
        # is tying fly-fishing lures)
        inputbox.send_keys('Buy peacock feathers')  

        # When she hits enter, the page updates, and now the page lists
        # "1: Buy peacock feathers" as an item in a to-do list table
        inputbox.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)  
        time.sleep(1)  

        table = self.browser.find_element_by_id('id_list_table')
        rows = table.find_elements_by_tag_name('tr')  
        self.assertTrue(
            any(row.text == '1: Buy peacock feathers' for row in rows)
        )

        # There is still a text box inviting her to add another item. She
        # enters "Use peacock feathers to make a fly" (Edith is very
        # methodical)
        self.fail('Finish the test!')

        # The page updates again, and now shows both items on her list

使用模板文件

创建lists/templates/home.html

并且输入如下内容

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<html>
    <title>To-Do lists</title>
</html>

修改lists/views.py

修改函数返回值

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from django.shortcuts import render

def home_page(request):
    return render(request, 'home.html')

在superlists/settings.py里注册应用

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# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'lists',
]

使用Django Test Client

修改lists/tests.py

并修改相应函数

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def test_home_page_returns_correct_html(self):
        response = self.client.get('/')  

        html = response.content.decode('utf8')  
        self.assertTrue(html.startswith('<html>'))
        self.assertIn('<title>To-Do lists</title>', html)
        self.assertTrue(html.strip().endswith('</html>'))

        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'home.html')

TDD开发流程概览

参考资料

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